Annulment

An annulment is a legal proceeding that declares a marriage null and void, as if it never legally existed. Unlike divorce, which ends a valid marriage, an annulment declares that the marriage was never legally valid in the first place.

16 steps across 2 sections

1. Steps Process

  • Determine If You Have Valid Grounds
  • Annulments require proving specific legal grounds; you cannot simply request one
  • Void marriages (inherently invalid — no court action technically needed, but recommended):
  • Bigamy: one or both parties were already legally married
  • Incest: parties are closely related by blood
  • Voidable marriages (valid until a court declares them null):
  • Fraud or misrepresentation (hiding a prior marriage, lying about wanting children, concealing a criminal history)
  • Coercion or duress (forced into the marriage)
  • Mental incapacity or intoxication during the ceremony
  • Underage marriage without proper parental or judicial consent

2. Key Details

  • Annulment vs. divorce: Annulment declares the marriage never legally existed; divorce ends a valid marriage
  • Religious vs. civil annulment: A religious annulment (e.g., Catholic Church) is separate from a civil/legal annulment — one does not affect the other
  • Children's legitimacy: Children born during an annulled marriage are still considered legitimate
  • Property: Division rules vary — some states apply equitable distribution even in annulments
  • Time limits: Vary by state and by ground; some grounds have no time limit (bigamy, incest)
  • Difficulty: Annulments are harder to obtain than divorces because of the burden of proof requirement

Common Mistakes

  • Assuming a short marriage qualifies for automatic annulment (duration alone i...
  • Confusing religious annulment with legal annulment (they are separate processes)
  • Waiting too long to file and missing the statute of limitations
  • Not gathering sufficient evidence to prove the grounds
  • Expecting the process to be simpler than divorce (it can be equally or more c...

Pro Tips

  • Consult a family law attorney before filing — many people who seek annulment ...
  • Document everything related to your grounds: save texts, emails, records, and...
  • If fraud is your ground, act quickly — the clock starts when you discover (or...
  • Even if your marriage qualifies for annulment, consider whether divorce might...
  • For religious annulments, contact your religious institution separately — the...

Sources

Related Checklists